Balls will travel farther in warmer temperatures.

Used in the air-density calculation (Nathan model).

Sea level is 29.92 in Hg.

Expressed in degrees, with 0° meaning out to CF, 90° meaning left to right, 180° meaning in from CF, and 270° meaning right to left.

Earth is 32.174, the moon is about 5.348, Jupiter is about 81.332.

Major leaguers typically use 31-35 oz bats. Softball players use 26-30 oz bats.

Major leaguers have bat speeds around 80 mph.

Baseball: 5.125 oz
Softball: 6.5 oz
Golf Ball: 1.62 oz

Baseball: 9.125 in
Softball: 12 in
Golf Ball: 5.28 in

The higher the COR rating, the bouncier the ball and the farther it will fly.
Baseball: about 0.55
Softball: usually either 0.40, 0.44, or 0.47
Golf Ball: about 0.78

Balls with higher compression are harder and will fly farther. There is no standard compression for the baseball, but softballs are commonly 375 or 525 lb. Compression is not included in these calculations.

A 95 mph fastball will slow down to about 85 mph as it crosses the plate. A slow-pitch softball is about 25 mph.

Angle the ball is hit, expressed in degrees, with 0° meaning flat and 90° meaning straight up.

Direction the ball is hit, expressed in degrees, with 0° meaning out to CF, 45° meaning down the right field line, and -45° meaning down the left field line.

Backspin, expressed as a positive number, may increase a ball's carry in the air. Topspin is expressed as a negative number.

A positive number indicates counter-clockwise rotation when viewed from the top (typical when hit to LF), a negative number indicates clockwise rotation when viewed from the top (typical when hit to RF).

Spin about the velocity axis. Usually 0 for batted balls unless specified.